Emanuele Papini

## Multidimentional Iterative Filtering: a new approach for investigating plasma turbulence in numerical simulations.

Emanuele Papini
papini@arcetri.inaf.it
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
Turbulent space and astrophysical plasmas have a complex dynamics, which involve nonlinear coupling across different temporal and spatial scales. There is growing evidence that impulsive events, such as magnetic reconnection instabilities, bring to a spatially localized enhancement of energy dissipation, thus speeding up the energy transfer at small scales. Indeed, capturing such a diverse dynamics is challenging. In this work, we employ the Multidimensional Iterative Filtering (MIF) method, a novel multiscale technique for the analysis of non-stationary non-linear multidimensional signals. Unlike other traditional methods (e.g., based on Fourier or wavelet decomposition), MIF natively performs the analysis without any previous assumption on the functional form of the signal to be identified. Using MIF, we carry out a multiscale analysis of Hall-MHD and Hybrid particle-in-cell numerical simulations of decaying plasma turbulence. Preliminary results assess the ability of MIF to detect localized coherent structures and to separate and characterize their contribution to the turbulent dynamics.
Posted
Silvio Sergio Cerri

## The good, the bad and the ugly: kinetic plasma turbulence in a 3D3V phase space

Silvio_Sergio Cerri
scerri@astro.princeton.edu
Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Ln, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

Turbulence and kinetic processes in magnetized space plasmas have been extensively investigated over the past decades via theoretical models, in-situ spacecraft measurements, and numerical simulations. In particular, multi-point high-resolution measurements from the Cluster and MMS space missions brought to light an entire new world of kinetic processes, taking place at the plasma microscales, and exposed new challenges for their theoretical interpretations. A long-lasting debate concerns the nature of ion and electron scale fluctuations in solar-wind turbulence and their dissipation via collisionless plasma mechanisms. Alongside observations, numerical simulations have always played a central role in providing a test ground for existing theories and models.

In this talk, the current advances achieved with 3D3V kinetic simulations, as well as the main questions left open (or raised) by these studies will be discussed. This includes assessing the spectral properties and intermittency of turbulent fluctuations in the sub-ion range$[1]$ and the existence of an anisotropic turbulent cascade involving the entire phase space$[2]$ (i.e., a cascade of free energy that is anisotropic with respect to the ambient magnetic field in both real and velocity space). Finally, also preliminary combined results from recent numerical studies will be presented to assess similarities and/or differences in the properties of kinetic-scale plasma turbulence, estimated from these state-of-the-art 3D kinetic simulations$[1,2,3,4]$.

$[1]$ Cerri, Servidio & Califano, ApJL 846, L18 (2017)

$[2]$ Cerri, Kunz & Califano, ApJL 856, L13 (2018)

$[3]$ Franci em et al., ApJ 853, 26 (2018)

$[4]$ Groselj em et al., PRL bf120, 105101 (2018)

Posted
Simone Landi

## On the properties of spectral anisotropies and intermittency in ion-kinetic scale turbulence.

Simone Landi
slandi@arcetri.astro.it
University of Florence, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Largo E. Fermi 2, I-50125 Firenze, Italy
The spectral properties at ion kinetic scales are studied by means of high-resolution three-dimensional numerical simulations using a hybrid codes which integrates the Vlasov system equations for the ions while it treats the electron as a neutralising fluid. We show that the observed anisotropy is less than what expected by theories of plasma turbulence at such scales. More specifically, we observe that the spectral anisotropy is frozen once the magnetic energy cascade reaches the ion kinetic scales. However, the non-linear energy transfer is still in the perpendicular direction with respect to the magnetic field, only advected in the parallel direction as expected balancing the non-linear energy transfer time and the decorrelation time. Such result can be explained by a phenomenological model based on the formation of strong intermittent two-dimensional structures in the plane perpendicular to the local mean field that fulfill some prescribed aspect ratio eventually depending on the scale. This model supports the idea that small scales structures, such as reconnecting current sheets, contribute significantly to the formation of the turbulent cascade at kinetic scales.
Posted
Francesco Pucci

## ELECTRON PHYSICS IN KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY IN MAGNETIZED PLASMAS

Francesco Pucci
francesco.pucci@kuleuven.be
KU Leuven, Department of Mathematics, Celestijnenlaan 200B, 3001 Leuven, Belgium

Rolled-up vortices associated to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) have been detected by in-situ observations around the Earth, Saturn and Mercury magnetospheres due to the interaction with the solar wind. KHI in magnetized plasmas have been widely studied numerically in the framework of a fluid, hybrid, and full kinetic approach, while only very few studies have focused on the physics of electrons because of computational constraints. In this work we present a full kinetic particle in cell study of the KHI spanning a range of scales going from fluid to electron scales. The simulation is initialized with an extended fluid equilibrium including finite ion Larmor radius effects. Our large-scale configuration includes two-possible alignment of the vorticity with the background magnetic field each one corresponding to the interaction of the solar wind with the dawn and dusk side of a planet. We discuss electron heating and acceleration by analyzing temperature anisotropy and particle distribution functions. Two fluid simulations have suggested that KHI instability can lead to the onset of the mirror instability. Our full kinetic approach confirms such hypothesis. We discuss the formation of mirror modes in our simulations.